Malformations of Cortical Development: MRI Patterns and Genetic Clues
A practical radiology review of Malformations of Cortical Development: MRI Patterns and Genetic Clues, focused on imaging findings, differential diagnosis, reporting points,...
RadPhrases Editorial Team1 min read
A practical radiology review of Malformations of Cortical Development: MRI Patterns and Genetic Clues, focused on imaging findings, differential diagnosis, reporting points, and high-yield teaching pearls.
Definition
- ︎Structural brain anomalies disrupting normal cortical formation
- 》Caused by genetic, infectious, or environmental insults
- 》Present with epilepsy, developmental delay, cognitive and neurologic deficits
Classification (New Consensus 2024)
1. Abnormal Cell Proliferation/Apoptosis
- ↓Proliferation → Microcephaly
- ↑Proliferation → Megalencephaly / Hemimegalencephaly
- Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) types IIa–IIb
2. Abnormal Neuronal Migration
- Heterotopia (periventricular, subcortical)
- Lissencephaly (agyria, pachygyria, SBH “double cortex”)
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