Upper, Lower, and Complete Abdominal Ultrasound: Scope and Preparation

The scope of abdominal ultrasound depends on the order, clinical question, and local protocol. An upper abdominal examination usually targets the liver, biliary system, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. A lower abdominal examination targets the bladder and, when appropriate, pelvic organs. A complete examination combines these areas but does not guarantee that every organ will be fully visible.

Fasting can improve gallbladder distention and upper abdominal assessment. A full bladder provides an acoustic window for pelvic organs. Preparation should not delay urgent imaging. Bowel gas, body habitus, pain, motion, and dressings can reduce image quality and must be reflected in the report.